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Moving Image Materials: Genre TermsCompiled by Martha M. Yee for the National Moving Image Database Standards Committee, National Center for Film and Video Preservation at the American Film Institute. 1st edition
Washington, D.C. 1987
National Moving Image Database (NAMID) Standards Committee
Table of Contents
Moving Image Materials: Genre TermsA Note About FormattingThis document was not originally intended for World Wide Web distribution. Consequently, the formatting is off a bit at points. Please bear with us.
PREFACE
The following list of genre and form headings is designed to
standardize terms used by catalogers in identifying moving image
materials. It has been developed by the National Moving Image
Database (NAMID) Standards Committee of the National Center for
Film and Video Preservation (NCFVP) at the American Film
Institute. One goal of the National Moving Image Database
(NAMID) project is to encourage uniformity and hence machine-
readability in the context of a shared database documenting
moving image materials. Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms
(MIM) represents an important advance in the development of com-
mon standards for generic identification. It takes us a step
further in the implementation of a system of centralized informa-
tion about the holdings of the American media archives and
producers. Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms (MIM) is recom-
mended by the National Moving Image Database (NAMID) Standards
Committee for use by any institution wishing to provide genre and
form access to its media collections. The list is one of a
series of national standards provided by the Committee to be used
in conjunction with other cataloging tools such as Wendy White-
Hensen's Archival Moving Image MAterials: a Cataloging Manual.
The Standards Committee will continue to refine and update this
list. The Committee welcomes comments and suggestions for
modification. These can be sent to the National Moving Image
Database Standards Committee in care of:
The National Center for Film and Video Preservation
2021 North Western Avenue
Los Angeles, California 90027
The Committee would like to acknowledge the extraordinary con-
tributions of Martha Yee in the creation and refinement of this
list. Martha has headed the task of developing Moving Image Materials:
Genre Terms over the past eighteen months, and we
greatly appreciate her efforts on behalf of the field. We also
wish to thank the many individuals who have responded to draft
versions of the list with helpful comments and suggestions.
These efforts have been crucial in making this list complete and
useful.
Michael Friend
National Center for Film and
Video Preservation
INTRODUCTION
1. Scope The following list is an attempt to standardize terms
used to designate genres and forms of moving image materials.
Both genre and form characterize works rather than copies or ver-
sions of works. For example, a work either is or is not a
western, or a serial, regardless of whether the copy cataloged is
on film or videotape, or is or is not a new version. For the
purposes of this list, the term form is used rather broadly to
encompass any recognized category of works characterized by a
particular format or purpose. The term genre is used rather nar-
rowly to encompass any recognized category of fictional works
which is characterized by recognizable conventions, i.e., a group
of works all of which tend to explore the same themes and use the
same plot formulae, character-types and icons.
Both genre and form should be distinguished from either
physical format or subject. Physical format can change from one
copy of a work to the next. Examples are color or sound
characteristics. Subject pertains to what a work is about, without
regard to form or genre. A nonfiction film about D-Day is not a genre
war film. Since subject matter can easily in- fluence form or genre,
it can be difficult to distinguish subject
from form or genre. Examples of borderline headings in this list
are Nature works (Nonfiction) and War documentaries. In general,
other lists of headings, such as Library of Congress Subject Headings
(LCSH), and LC Thesaurus for Graphic Materials: Topical Terms for
Subject Access, should be used to provide subject
access.
While this list contains terms for genres created in
countries outside the U.S., its emphasis is on providing such
access to moving image materials held in American collections.
It is highly likely that a list designed for international use
would contain more or different terms. Currently the list is
somewhat unbalanced in that it contains a large number of terms
for Japanese genres contributed by the Pacific Film Archive, but
almost none for other foreign genres such as French, German, In-
dian or Italian genres. If films representative of such genres
are held by American collections, curators of such collections
are urged to submit such terms, together with cross references
and scope notes, to the Standards Committee; see the Preface for
instructions on how to do this.
The list is a general list, best-suited to collections which
contain many different types of moving-image materials, including
many fictional works. Specialized collections of non-fiction
moving image materials, e.g., collections of news film and tape,
of dance film and video, of anthropological film and video, etc.,
may find the list less useful. Specialized collections of
personal/independent works, of video art, or of commercials will
also find the list relatively undeveloped in their areas. An at-
tempt has been made to provide use for (UF) references from nar- rower
terms not used. These can be identified by NTX in paren-
theses after the reference. In more specialized collections,
these could be broken out and established as headings. Curators
of specialized collections could make a great contribution to the
quality of this list if they would be willing to work on improv-
ing the quality and comprehensiveness of these narrower term UF
references, within the stated limits; that is, adding narrower
form and genre terms, but avoiding subject or physical format
terms. Please submit any candidate terms, together with cross
references and scope notes, to the Standards Committee; see the
Preface for instructions on how to do this.
The list has been designed to apply across media. Where
possible, terms have been selected which apply to all types of
moving image materials, and terms designating media have been
left out of headings. If this list is to be applied in conjunc-
tion with lists designed for non-moving-image materials, overlap
and conflict of terms may occur and should be corrected for.
If this list had been designed to deal with moving image
materials used to record works in other literary or art forms
(e.g., musical performances, dancing, architecture, or
sculpture), there would have been a great deal of overlap between
this list and other national standard lists. For example, LCSH
has an elaborate structure of musical form headings and dancing
form headings; The Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) contains
terms for forms and genres of art and architecture; and
Genre/form and Physical Characteristics Terms: a Thesaurus for Prints,
Photographs, Drawings, Ephemera and Other Graphic Materials
contains genre and form terms for graphic materials.
This list will not include such terms when they have been exten-
sively developed elsewhere and are constantly evolving. Instead,
it is recommended that moving image collections provide this kind
of access using lists such as those mentioned above.
In general, categories based on filmmaker have been excluded
from the list, e.g. films made by children, films made by women,
films made by members of minorities, or films made by students.
One might argue that the sole exception to this policy is the
heading Home movies and video, which to a certain extent pertains
to film and video created by amateurs.
The list does not attempt to provide access to television by
means of either time slot (e.g., daytime or prime time), or type of
broadcast (e.g., cable, network, or public) because it was felt that
files under these headings would quickly become so large as to be unusable.
The list does not provide either direct or indirect access
under period, although it is recognized that genres and forms
change over time. It is hoped that other means will be provided
to allow users at least indirect access by means of period (e.g.,
date-limiting in on-line systems).
Sometimes the films or programs made about a particular fic-
tional character (such as Sherlock Holmes) may seem to form a
quasi-genre in themselves. While access under the names of fic-
tional characters is a valuable kind of access to moving image
materials, such access should be provided regardless of whether
or not the films about a particular character constitute a genre.
Thus, headings based on fictional characters have been excluded
from the list. Instead, it is recommended that subject added
entries be made for any fictional character about whom several
moving image works have been made.
This list has been designated a 1st edition. The intent of
the Standards Committee is to revise the list and issue sub-
sequent editions based on experience using the list in collec-
tions of moving images. All users of the list are encouraged to
submit suggestions for revisions of scope notes, of cross
references, of existing terms, or for creation of new terms, to
the Standards Committee, as detailed in the Preface.
2. Method for constructing the list. Terms are derived from
scholarly and reference literature, and from pre-existing lists
of genre headings. The following lists were consulted:
Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Emmy Award Categories
American Film Institute Catalog
Beaver, Frank E. Dictionary of film terms. 1983.
FIAF Classification Scheme for Literature on Film and Television
FIAF Periodicals Indexing Project. Film genres (draft)
Hennepin County Library Microfiche Authority List (HCL)
International Index to Film Periodicals (FIAF)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
MARC Formats for Bibliographic Data, Field 517
Museum of Modern Art Valid Tags and Criteria as of 11-07-85
Museum of Modern Art Incomplete List of draft genre headings as of
June 1986
Criteria for selection of headings used was the following:
a. Frequency of occurrence in the literature and in pre-
existing lists
b. Probable size of resultant files under any given heading
c. Inclusiveness of heading. In choosing between two pos-
sible headings for a category, the more inclusive term was
preferred. Whenever possible, a heading which was applicable to all
kinds of moving image materials was
preferred to a heading applicable to only some.
d. Consideration of usefulness in answering requests for
materials in existing collections, and in describing form and
genre categories to be found in existing collections.
Following ANSI standards, the terms are in plural natural lan-
guage noun form, wherever possible, and in direct order.
3. Syndetic structure and scope notes.
EXAMPLES:
Science fiction (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which
revolve around imaginary science and technology, and visions of future
society. Include, for example, works which are set in the future,
works which are set in outer space, works which depict world cataclysms
and/or their aftereffects (but exclude those which involve creatures
or invasions from outer space, for which use Monster drama, as well
as works based on literary science fiction, such as that of Wells and
Verne, when they don't obviously fall into other fantasy categories.
UF: Mad scientist drama
Science fiction films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Science fiction television programs (LCSH; x ref not
made)
Star Trek films (NTX) (LCSH)
Star Wars films (NTX) (LCSH)
Utopian works (NTX)
BT: Fantasy
NT: Superhero drama
RT: Horror drama +
Monster drama +
EX: Alphaville; Planet of the apes; Soylent green; Star wars
; Time after time
Mad scientist drama
USE Science fiction
EXPLICATION:
BTL BTL stands for Broad Term List. The terms so designated
are recommended for use by moving image collections which do not
wish to implement the detailed list. These terms are also separately
listed at the end of this introductory section, on p. 16.
+ A plus sign denotes a heading which itself has narrower
term references (see below).
UF: Use for references. Three kinds of UF references are
employed. First, UF references are made from unused synonyms and
inverted forms to the terms used. Within limits, UF references have
been made from phrases which may have the same entry words but which
have different following key words (to accommodate on-line access),
and from phrases which have different entry words (to accommodate manual
access). NOTE: In some cases, this type of UF reference has been made
from a broader unused term which was judged too vague or all-inclusive.
Such references will be to several more specific used terms, from
which the cataloger or user is expected to select.
The second kind of UF reference has been made for mapping
purposes (i.e. to allow for machine conversion of terms from one list
into terms for another, or to allow human users of one list to find
their way about in another list.) UF references have been made from
terms in the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) when they
are different from the terms used in this list. These can be identified
by LCSH in parentheses after the term or phrase from which reference
is made. When the entry terms of the LCSH headings are the same as
the entry terms of the heading chosen for use in this list, the cross
reference has not been made in this list, but the heading is listed
among the UF headings with the note (LCSH; x ref not made).
The third kind of UF reference has been made from headings
which are actually narrower terms. These can be identified by an (NTX)
in parentheses after the heading. The list as it is presently con
stituted is a moderately broad list. More specialized collections
which require more specific terms may wish to convert narrower term
use for references into headings to be used.
USE: The reciprocal of the UF reference is USE. USE references
which refer to more than one used term are actually broader terms
(see above).
BT: Broader term references. Indicates a broader term than the
term in question, or a term for a category of which the term in question
is one of several members. In the example above, the broader term
is Fantasy. All Science fiction is Fantasy, as are all narrower terms
under Fantasy.
NT: Narrower term references. Indicates a narrower term than
the term in question. In the example, Superhero drama is a narrower
term. All Superhero drama is Science fiction.
Broader and narrower term hierarchies allow users to broadenand
narrow their searches by suggesting other terms which might be of interest
to them. They help catalogers find exactly the right term for the
work that they are cataloging. In addition, they provide for economy
of cataloging: when one assigns the heading Superhero drama to a work,
one need not also assign the heading Science fiction, yet either heading
will provide access to the work.
RT: Related term references. RT references are made in the
fol- lowing cases:
1. The related term is similar to but different from the
term in question. The reference ensures that the proper
distinction is made.
2. The related term is the opposite or antonym of the term
in question.
3. Some works which fall into the category in question
also fall into the related term category.
For example, some Police drama is also Film noir.
xx: Related term reference from. A related term reference has
been made from the term following the xx, but it was not
thought useful to make a related term reference to the term following
the xx from the heading under which it is found. Sometimes called
a one-way related term reference.
SN: Scope note. Scope notes indicate the characteristics of
moving image works falling into the category in question. Scope notes
have been made as broad as possible, so as not to exclude works unnecessarily.
It was felt that it was especially important to avoid making overly
restrictive scope notes for genre works. Since genres develop and
change over time and because some genre films and programs intentionally
surprise the audience by subverting genre conventions, it was felt
to be inadvisable to list particular conventions in detail in the scope
notes.
EX: Examples of films and programs in the form or genre described.
4. Application. In a MARC record, these terms are to be entered
in field 655 of a bibliographic record, and fields 150, 450 and 550
of an authority record. The abbreviated title for this list designed
for inclusion in a $2 subfield in field 655 of the MARC format is mim.
Field 655 is repeatable. Assign as many terms as necessary to works
falling into two or more
categories. However, do not assign to the same work both a broad
term and a narrower term encompassed by it. Instead, use the narrowest
term applicable to the work as a whole. (Optionally, if an institution
prefers to provide direct access under both broad and narrow terms,
all terms between the broadest and the narrowest may be assigned to
the same work.) Scope notes for broad terms apply also to narrower
terms subsumed under them.
When the scope note limits application to genre films and
programs, apply only to films and programs which use recognizable
conventions, i.e. which tend to explore the same themes and use the
same plot formulae, character-types and icons as other films and programs
in the same genre.
The list has been designed to allow application in both collections
which need a short list of very broad terms, and collections which
are more specialized and require a longer list of more specific terms.
The broadest terms are identified on a separate list which forms part
of the preliminary material.
These broad terms are also included in the more detailed list,
identified by the abbreviation _B_T_L in parentheses. Narrower
terms which may be of use in more specialized collections are included
in the list in the form of UF or use for references, with a narrower
term designation after them, e.g. (NTX). (See the explication of use
for references in Section 3 above.)
5. Very broad terms. The following terms represent categories
so large in most collections that the resultant files would quickly
become unusable. Large collections may choose not to use these terms.
Adaptations
B movies
Documentaries and factual works
Drama
Features
Fiction
Film
Historical re-creations
News
Newsreels
Public affairs
Remakes
Series
Shorts
Television
Video
6. Method of arrangement. Terms in the list are filed in alphabetical
order, word-by-word.
BROAD TERM LIST
Note: A short list of very broad terms for the use of institu-
tions which desire only a limited application of Moving Image Materials:
Genre Terms. These broad terms are also included in
the longer and more detailed list which follows, beginning on p.
18. In the detailed list, they are identified by (BTL).
Actualities
Advertising
Animal drama
Animation
Anthropological works
Audience participation programs
Biographies
Cartoons
Children's works
Comedies
Commercials
Community affairs
Compilations
Crime drama
Dance
Detective drama
Disaster drama
Documentaries and factual works
Drama
Editorials
Educational/cultural works
Epics
Erotica
Fantasy
Features
Fiction
Film
Film noir
Game shows
Gangster drama
Historical works (Nonfiction)
Home movies and video
Horror drama
Industrial works
Information
Instruction
Legal drama
Live shows
Made for TV movies
Magazines
Martial arts drama
Medical drama
Medical works (Nonfiction)
Melodrama
Music
Music shorts
Music videos
Musicals
Nature works (Nonfiction)
News
Newsreels
Outtakes
Personal/independent works
Police drama
Political drama
Prison drama
Propaganda
Public affairs
Public service
Religious works
Science fiction
Scientific works (Nonfiction)
Serials
Series
Shorts
Situation comedies
Soap operas
Sociological drama
Sociological works (Nonfiction)
Specials
Sports drama
Spy drama
Talk shows
Teen drama
Television
Trailers and promo's
Travelogues
Unedited footage
Variety
Video
War drama
Westerns
DETAILED LIST
Abstract works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Actualities (BTL)
SN: Use for early, usually short, silent films in which the
camera was positioned to record events or everyday life.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
EX: Edison Kinetoscopic record of the sneeze
Adaptations
SN: Use for a work which has been created by the modification
of another work in order to transpose it from one medium to another;
examples would be a film based on a book, a television program based
on a radio program, or a television program based on a film. If one
work has been modified to create a new work, but transposition from
one medium to another has not taken place, use Remakes.
UF: Film adaptations (LCSH)
Motion picture adaptations
Television adaptations (LCSH)
Films from books (NTX)
Books, Filmed
Filmed books
RT: Plays
Remakes
Addresses
SN: Use for film or video used to record a talk, a statement,
a lecture, an address or remarks delivered to an audience by
a single individual.
UF: Lectures
Lectures and lecturing (LCSH; x ref not made)
Remarks
Speeches
Speeches, addresses, etc. (LCSH; x ref not made)
Talks
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Public affairs +
Adult films and video
USE Erotica
Adult westerns
USE Westerns
Advertising (BTL)
SN: Use for films and programs the primary purpose of which
is to sell a product or service.
UF: Films in advertising (HCL)
Moving-pictures in advertising (LCSH)
Television advertising (LCSH)
Promotional works (NTX)
NT: Commercials
Political spots
Theater advertising
Trailers and promo's
RT: Propaganda
Public relations films and video
Public service
Advertising, Political
USE Political spots
Advertising, Public service
USE Public service
Aerial combat films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonists are fliers engaged in warfare in the air.
UF: Air combat drama
BT: War films and programs
Air combat films and programs
USE Aerial combat films and programs
Air Force comedies
USE Armed Forces comedies
Amateur moving-pictures
USE Home movies and video
Amateur talent shows
USE Talent shows
Animal films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fiction films or programs in which animals appear
as major characters.
UF: Animal films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Cat films and programs (Fiction) (NTX)
Dog films and programs (Fiction) (NTX)
Horse films and programs (Fiction) (NTX)
Horse racing drama
BT: Fiction
EX: Old Yeller; National Velvet; Black Beauty
Animal works (Nonfiction)
USE Nature films and video (Nonfiction)
Animation (BTL)
SN: Use for film or video wholly or partially created by
photographing drawings, sculptures, or other inanimate things
in sequence to create the illusion of a moving picture.
UF: Animation (Cinematography) (LCSH; x ref not made)
NT: Cartoons
Clay animation
Computer animation
Graphic animation
Light animation
Model animation
Multiple image animation
Object animation
Paper animation
Pinscreen animation
Pixillated animation
Puppet animation
Silhouette animation
Still animation
Traceau d'ectoplasmes
U.P.A.-style animation
Xerox animation
RT: Comedies +
Fantasy +
Personal/independent films and video +
Shorts +
xx Children's films and programs
EX: Dumbo; Mary Poppins; Pinocchio; Yellow submarine
Announcements
SN: Use for statements made by a broadcasting station or
by theater management for purposes of station identification, requesting
audience participation, etc.
NT: Theater announcements
RT: Public service
Announcer auditions
USE Screen tests, auditions, etc.
Anthologies (LCSH)
SN: Use for fictional series which do not utilize the same
set of characters over and over, but rather consist of a string of
distinct and unconnected dramatic presentations, each with a different
cast and a different set of characters.
RT: Compilations
Plays
Series
Specials
Anthropological films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video whose subject is or prominently
includes the study of man, his physical character, races, environmental
and social relations, and culture. Use to describe field footage
generated by anthropologists for study and research purposes.
UF: Ethnographic works (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Anti-war films and video
SN: Use for fiction and non-fiction works articulating themes
of pacifism, anti-militarism and organized non-violence, especially
a) works portraying efforts to prevent the outbreak or spread of
war, and b) works which depict the abject horror of war as a key theme
or dominant motif of the experience of war. May be realistic or allegorical,
comic or tragic, satiric or elegiac in nature.
UF: Pacifist works
RT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Fiction
War documentaries
War films and programs
EX: ALL quiet on the Western Front; Catch 22; Coming home;
How I won the war; King of hearts; The Mortal storm; Platoon;
A Time to love and a time to die
Anti-westerns
USE Westerns
Armed Forces comedies
SN: Use for fictional comic works which revolve around military
life; may depict wacky, eccentric and/or clumsy recruits, soldiers,
officers, etc.
UF: Service comedies
Air Force comedies (NTX)
Army comedies (NTX)
Naval comedies (NTX)
BT: Comedies
War films and programs
EX: Abbott and Costello in the Navy; M*A*S*H
Army comedies
USE Armed Forces comedies
Audience participation programs (BTL)
SN: Use for programs which involve spontaneous participation
by members of the audience, either in the studio or over the telephone.
RT: Dance parties and contests
Game shows +
Information
Panel shows
xx Talk shows
Auditions
USE Screen tests, auditions, etc.
Autobiographies
USE Biographies
Autobiographical films and video
SN: A personal/independent work about a living person's life
or an incident in his life, made by the person himself.
UF: Diaries
BT: Personal/independent films and video
Automobile races
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Avant-garde works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Award presentations
SN: Use for nonfiction coverage of and commentary on presentation
of awards for distinguished work in the entertainment industry, such
as the Academy Awards or the Emmies.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Awards presentations
USE Award presentations
B movies
SN: Use for hour-long, low-budget, action features. The use
of this term should be based on a judgment as to format, not an evaluation
as to quality. See also under appropriate genre headings; e.g., for
B westerns, see also under Westerns.
Backstage musicals
USE Musicals
Backwoods westerns
USE Westerns
Backyard musicals
USE Musicals
Band shorts
USE Music shorts
Baseball games
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Basketball games
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Beach party films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs primarily in
the 50's and 60's for the teenage market that focus on groups of teens
who gather on the beach to party, surf, etc.
UF: Beach blanket films
Beach epics
BT: Fiction
RT: High school films and programs
Rock and roll musicals
EX: Beach party; Bikini Beach; Gidget; Where the boys are
Beat films
USE Personal/independent films and video
Beauty contests (LCSH)
SN: Use for nonfiction coverage of and commentary on beauty
contests such as the Miss America Pageant.
UF: Beauty pageants
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Beauty information
USE Information
Beauty pageants
USE Beauty contests
Beaver films
USE Erotica
Behind-the-scenes musicals
USE Musicals
Bergfilme
SN: Use for fictional genre German films which focus on mountaineers,
skiers, life in the Alps. Usually present the mountains in terms of
a mystical, transcendental, and sometimes Pan-Germanic and nationalist
world view.
UF: Mountain films
Scheefilme
Skiing drama
BT: Heimatfilme
EX: Der Berg Ruft; The Blue light; Der Heilige Berg; White
hell of Piz Palu.
Bible films
USE Epics
Religious films and video
Biblical epics
USE Epics
Bike films and programs (Fiction)
USE Motorcycle gang films and programs
Bio-pics
USE Biographies
Biographies (BTL)
SN: Use for a film or program which gives an account of the
life and/or work of an actual person who exists or existed historically
(i.e.,not the life of a fictional character).
UF: Autobiographies
Bio-pics
Biographical films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Portraits
Profiles
RT: Docudrama
Gossip
Historical re-creations
Interviews
Preussenfilme
xx Documentaries and factual films and video +
Fiction +
EX: The Agony and the ecstasy; Dr. Ehrlich's magic bullet; Patton
Black exploitation films and programs
USE Black films and programs
Black films and programs
SN: In general, use for films designed for a black audience.
Include black ethnic films produced for the black theater circuits,
from the silent era to the 50's; films with an all-black cast;
black exploitation films of the 70's about black heroes, e.g. detectives
or devotees of the martial arts; films directed towards black social
questions.
UF: Black exploitation films and programs
Black karate thrillers
Blaxploitation films
Black westerns
RT: Crime films and programs +
Martial arts films and programs
EX: Black belt Jones; Cabin in the sky; Cotton comes to Harlem;
Pinky; Shaft; To Sir with love.
Black karate thrillers
USE Black films and programs
Black westerns
USE Black films and programs
Blaxploitation films and programs
USE Black films and programs
Bloopers
SN: Use for individual examples or collections of mistakes
made in the course of creating films or programs, e.g. misspoken lines,
prat-falls, etc.
RT: Outtakes
Blue movies
USE Erotica
Boating
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Books, Filmed
USE Adaptations
Bowling
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Boxing matches
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Brain transfer drama
USE Organ transplant films and programs
Broadcast journalism
USE News
Burlesque
USE Erotica
Vaudeville
Campaign debates
USE Debates
Caper films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on an individual or group which takes on a particularly difficult
illegal feat, the success of which depends on skill and careful planning.
Include the cycle of films about jewel thieves and the professional
assassin films.
UF: Heist thrillers
BT: Crime films and programs
EX: Point blank; Topkapi; Asphalt jungle
Car races
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Cartoons (BTL)
SN: Use for animated stories, generally involving human or
animal figures and using traditional techniques of cel animation.
UF: Moving-picture cartoons (LCSH)
Television broadcasting of motion picture cartoons (LCSH)
BT: Animation
Cat films and programs (Fiction)
USE Animal films and programs
Catastrophe drama
USE Disaster films and programs
Chambara
USE Martial arts films and programs
Chat shows
USE Talk shows
Childcare information
USE Information
Children's films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for films and programs which were produced primarily
for children.
UF: Children's films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Films for children
Juvenile works
Kidvid
Television programs for children (LCSH)
Stories for children (NTX)
RT: Animation +
Educational/cultural films and video
Chinese action drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Chinese swordplay drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Christian broadcasting
USE Religious films and video
Church broadcasting
USE Religious films and video
Cinema noir
USE Film noir
Cinema verite
SN: Use for nonfiction films which attempt to "record life
directly without any rearrangement or staging of any kind" (Lewis
Jacobs). Use of the unobtrusive hand-held camera to make these films
is common. Probably should not be used for films made prior to the
1960's.
UF: Concert films
Rock documentaries
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
EX: Don't look back; High school; Salesman; Warrendale; Woodstock
Cinemagazines
USE Magazines
Cinematic poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
Cinematographic poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
Cinepoems
USE Personal/independent films and video
City symphonies
SN: A film which attempts to capture the essence of a particular
city.
EX: A propos de Nice
Classroom works
USE Instruction
Clay animation
SN: Use for animation of sculpted clay.
UF: Claymation
Sculptmation
BT: Animation
Claymation
USE Clay animation
Climbing
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Cloak and dagger drama
USE Spy films and programs
Clown comedies
SN: Use for fictional works which revolve around a comic persona
or group of such personae ,which tends to reappear in work after work.
Examples are Chaplin's Little Tramp, Laurel and Hardy, W.C. Fields,
Bob Hope, and Mae West.
UF: Comedian comedies
BT: Comedies
RT: Slapstick comedies
EX: City lights; It's a gift; Music box
Collage works
USE Personal/independent films and video
College films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs set on a college
campus; includes college comedies.
BT: Fiction
RT: Comedies +
EX: Animal house; College confidential
Combat drama
USE War films and programs
Comedies (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional works made with humorous intent, usually
emphasizing plot development over character development.
UF: Comedy films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Comedy programs (LCSH; x ref not made)
Romance
Black comedies (NTX)
British comedies (NTX)
Gadget comedies (NTX)
Murder comedies (NTX)
BT: Fiction
NT: Armed Forces comedies
Fantasy comedies
Nansensu-mono
Prisoner of war films and programs
Rural comedies
Situation comedies
Slapstick comedies
Sophisticated comedies
RT: Animation +
College films and programs
Drama
Musicals +
Parodies
Paukerfilme
Variety +
EX: Dr. Strangelove; Harold and Maude; The Man in the white
suit; Monty Python and the Holy Grail; Where's Poppa
Comedy fantasy
USE Fantasy comedies
Comedy performances
USE Comedy variety
Comedy variety
SN: Use for variety works in which comedy is emphasized, e.g.,
the host is a comedian and/or most of the work consists of a comic
skit or skits.
UF: Comedy performances
BT: Variety
Commando drama
USE Spy films and programs
War films and programs
Commentary
USE News
Public affairs
Special event coverage and commentary
Sports event coverage and commentary
Commercials (BTL)
SN: Use for brief advertisements, usually under a minute,
paid for by the sellers of products and services advertised, designed
to be broadcast at breaks in programs.
UF: Singing commercials (LCSH) (NTX)
Television commercial films (LCSH) (NTX)
BT: Advertising
Community affairs (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films or video the subject of which
is an issue or problem in a locale or community, or a work which
is concerned with community institutions or social relationships,
or the development, structure, interaction or collective behavior
of groups of people in or constituting a community. Webster's New collegiate
dictionary defines community as "a unified body of individuals; the
people with common interests living in a particular area, or, the area
itself." In general, the area is smaller than a nation or state; for
works on less localized affairs, use Public affairs.
BT: Public affairs
Compilations (BTL)
SN: Use for a film or video work composed of thematically
or graphically organized segments of other works, edited together,
usually in a documentary fashion, to present an altogether new work.
RT: Anthologies
Documentaries and factual films and video
Personal/independent films and video
EX: The Fall of the Romanovs; That`s dancing; That's entertainment
Computer animation (LCSH)
SN: Use for animation achieved by photographing in stop-motion
the illumination of a cathode ray tube in accordance with signals fed
to the CRT by a computer.
BT: Animation
EX: Permutations
Concert films
USE Cinema verite
Music
Contemporary westerns
USE Westerns
Contest shows
USE Dance parties and contests
Game shows
Continental westerns
USE Westerns
Cooking programs
USE Information
Cop drama
USE Police films and programs
Costume spectacles
USE Epics
Fantasy
Historical re-creations
Preussenfilme
Swashbucklers
Courtroom films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on the solution of a crime by a lawyer, usually the defense lawyer
of the person accused of the crime.
UF: Courtroom drama
Lawyer drama
BT: Crime films and programs
EX: Perry Mason
Crazy comedies
USE Sophisticated comedies
Creature films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs about horrific
beasts (as opposed to human or man-made monsters), such as creatures
from outer space, including alien parasites, earth creatures which
attack man, atomic mutants, and monstrous throwbacks brought
back to civilization by scientific expeditions.
UF: Prehistoric creature drama (NTX)
BT: Monster films and programs
EX: Alien; The Birds; The Blob; Godzilla; Invasion of the
body snatchers; Jaws; King of the monsters; Teenagers from outer space;
Willard
Crime films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on the commission and investigation of crime.
UF: Suspense
Thrillers
BT: Fiction
NT: Caper films and programs
Courtroom films and programs
Detective films and programs +
Film noir
Gangster films and programs
Mysteries
Police films and programs
Prison films and programs
Yakuza-eiga
RT: Black films and programs
Juvenile delinquency films and programs
Martial arts films and programs
Psychopath films and programs
Spy films and programs
EX: Cotton comes to Harlem; Shaft; Underworld
Current affairs
USE Public affairs
Custard pie comedies
USE Slapstick comedies
Cuts
USE Outtakes
Cycle films and programs (Fiction)
USE Motorcycle gang films and programs
Dailies
USE Rushes
Dance (BTL)
SN: Use for films or video used to record the performance
of dance. For specific kinds of dance, use headings from LCSH.
NT: Dance parties and contests
RT: Educational/cultural films and video
Music +
xx Documentaries and factual films and video +
Fiction +
Dance parties and contests
SN: Use for programs which focus on dancing by members of
the viewing public. Competition is often involved.
UF: Contest shows
Telecast dance parties
Television dance parties (LCSH)
BT: Dance
RT: Audience participation programs
Talent shows
EX: American bandstand
Debates
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record a formal
argument with two individuals or teams taking opposite sides of a question
or questions.
UF: Campaign debates (NTX) (LCSH)
Debates and debating (LCSH; x ref not made)
Political programs
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Detective films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on the investigations of a detective who is not with an official law
enforcement agency.
UF: Detective and mystery films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Murder mysteries
Sherlock Holmes films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Who-done-it's
BT: Crime films and programs
NT: Private eye films and programs
RT: Mysteries
Police films and programs
EX: The Canary murder case; Ellery Queen, master detective;
Hound of Baskervilles
Diabolist drama
USE Horror films and programs
Diaries
USE Autobiographical films and video
Dirty movies
USE Erotica
Disaster films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films in which a large group of
people representing a cross-section of society is threatened with destruction
by natural elements and/or failure of man-made technology.
UF: Catastrophe drama
Suspense
Thrillers
BT: Fiction
EX: Airport; Earthquake; Towering inferno
Disc jockey programs
USE Music
Discussion shows
USE Panel discussions
Public affairs
Talk shows
Doctor films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonist(s) are doctors and the plot revolves around the saving
of life.
UF: Doctor drama
Hospital drama
BT: Fiction
EX: Dr. Christian; Dr. Gillespie; Dr. Kildare
Docu-drama
USE Docudrama
Docudrama
SN: Use for fictional films and programs which fall into one
of the following categories: a) Those that are based directly or closely
modelled on contemporary news events or depicted as true stories of
real people made recognizable to the audience by media attention.
These narratives generally explore social (legal, psychological, medical
or moral) issues at the level of the individual biography. b) Those
that are based directly on historical figures or events that seek to
reconstruct significant graphical episodes in the sweep of history.
c) Those that are based directly on the reconstruction of historical
events, employing documentary techniques in an anachronistic fashion.
For non-fiction treatments of historical events, see Historical films
and video (Nonfiction).
UF: Docu-drama
BT: Fiction
RT: Biographies
Documentaries and factual films and video +
Historical re-creations
Historical films and video (Nonfiction)
Melodrama
Preussenfilme
EX: The Battle of Colloden; Blind ambition; The Burning bed;
An Early frost; The Karen Quinlan story; Morrow; Washington behind
closed doors
Documentaries and factual films and video (BTL)
SN: Use for films and programs which depict actual persons
and/or events. Exclude frank historical recreations, but do not attempt
to judge the "truth" of the depiction in a film purporting to be factual
or documentary in character.
UF: Documentary television programs (LCSH; x ref not made)
Moving-pictures, Documentary (LCSH)
Nonfiction
Factual works (NTX)
Record films and video (NTX)
Research films and video
NT: Actualities
Addresses
Anthropological films and video
Award presentations
Beauty contests
Cinema verite
Debates
Gossip
Historical films and video (Nonfiction)
Home movies and video
Industrial films and video
Information
Instruction
Interviews
Magazines
Medical films and video (Nonfiction)
Nature films and video (Nonfiction)
News +
Panel discussions
Press conferences
Public affairs +
Public relations films and video
Scientific films and video (Nonfiction)
Sociological films and video (Nonfiction)
Special event coverage and commentary
Sports event coverage and commentary
Talk shows
Travelogues
War documentaries
RT: Anti-war works
Biographies
Compilations
Dance +
Docudrama
Educational/cultural films and video
Erotica
Fiction +
Historical re-creations
Music +
Propaganda
Readings
Religious films and video
EX: Coal face; Kon Tiki; Night mail
Dog films and programs (Fiction)
USE Animal films and programs
Domestic animal works (Nonfiction)
USE Nature films and video (Nonfiction)
Drama (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for fictional works of serious intent, emphasizing
conventions of character and narrative development through conflict
and cathartic resolution.
UF: Romance
BT: Fiction
RT: Comedies
Plays
E.T.V.
USE Instruction
Editorials (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record a person
giving his or her opinions on an issue.
BT: Public affairs
RT: News +
Educational/cultural films and video (BTL)
SN: Use for works which are intended primarily to inform or
edify rather than to entertain, and which do not utilize an instructional
format. The work should be intended for a general audience, may have
cultural content, and may incidentally entertain. Many programs telecast
via public broadcasting may be described as Educational/cultural films
and video. For "how-to" works or works intended to instruct, use Instruction.
For works recording dance performances, use Dance. For works recording
musical performances, use Music. For works recording theatrical performances,
use Plays. For works intended for children, use Children's films and
programs.
UF: Educational works
RT: Children's films and programs
Dance +
Instruction
Music +
Plays
Readings
Educational works
USE Educational/cultural films and video
Instruction
Electronic art
USE Personal/independent films and video
Electronic church
USE Religious films and video
Epics (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional works which employ "a cast of thousands"
to depict action on a cosmic scale.
UF: Costume spectacles
Sandal and spear epics
Spectaculars
Sword and sandal epics
Biblical epics (NTX)
Bible films (LCSH)
Religious epics
Jungle epics (NTX)
Tarzan films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Muscle epics (NTX)
BT: Fiction
RT: Fantasy +
Historical re-creations
Martial arts films and programs
Preussenfilme
Swashbucklers
War films and programs
Westerns
xx Religious films and video
EX: Ben Hur; Hercules in the haunted world; Quo vadis; Samson
and Delilah; Tarzan, the ape man; Ten Commandments
Erotica (BTL)
SN: Use for film and video the content of which is primarily
sexual or sex-related, and which tends to be produced and distributed
by small, independent companies.
UF: Adult films and video
Erotic films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Exploitation works
Pornographic works
Sex films and video
X-rated works
Beaver films (NTX)
Hard core pornography (NTX)
Blue movies
Dirty movies
Stag films
Homosexual works (NTX)
Gay porn
Kink films (NTX)
S and M works
Sadomasochism works
Nudie films (NTX)
Burlesque
Flesh films
Nudist camp films
Skin flicks
Strip tease works
xx Fiction +
Documentaries and factual films and video +
EX: Finders keepers lovers weepers; The Immoral Mr. Teas; Lorna
Espionage drama
USE Spy films and programs
Ethnographic works
USE Anthropological films and video
Etiquette programs
USE Information
Evangelism
USE Religious films and video
Exercise programs
USE Information
Exorcism drama
USE Horror films and programs
Expanded cinema
USE Personal/independent films and video
Experimental works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Exploitation works
USE Erotica
FBI drama
USE Police films and programs
Factual works
USE Documentaries and factual films and video
Fairy tales
USE Fantasy
Family melodrama
USE Melodrama
Fantastic comedies
USE Fantasy comedies
Fantastic films and programs
USE Fantasy
Fantasy (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which depict
imaginary characters, often with supernatural powers, inhabiting imaginary
worlds.
UF: Costume spectacles
Fantastic films and programs
Fantastic films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Fantastic television programs (LCSH; x ref not made)
Spectaculars
Fairy tales (NTX)
BT: Fiction
NT: Fantasy comedies
Horror films and programs +
Monster films and programs +
Science fiction +
RT: Animation +
Martial arts films and programs
EX: Thief of Baghdad; Wizard of Oz
Fantasy comedies
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which depict
benevolent supernatural intervention in the modern world by characters
such as angels, benevolent ghosts or witches, or the Devil in his more
amiable incarnations.
UF: Comedy fantasy
Fantastic comedies
Ghost comedies and romances
Heavenly comedies
BT: Comedies
Fantasy
RT: Slapstick comedies
Sophisticated comedies
EX: A Guy named Joe; Heaven can wait; It's a wonderful life; Topper
Farm comedies
USE Rural comedies
Farming information
USE Information
Fashion information
USE Information
Features (BTL)
SN: Use for films which consist of 4,000 or more feet of 35mm.
film, or 1,600 or more feet of 16 mm. film, i.e. with a running time
of 40 min. or more.
UF: Feature films (LCSH; x ref not made)
RT: Shorts +
Fiction (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for films and programs portraying imaginary characters
and events.
NT: Animal films and programs
College films and programs
Comedies +
Crime films and programs +
Disaster films and programs
Doctor films and programs
Docudrama
Drama
Epics
Fantasy +
Gambling films and programs
Gendai-geki
Haha-mono
Heimatfilme +
Martial arts films and programs
Melodrama
Merodorama
Mood films
Motorcycle gang films and programs
Musicals +
Parodies
Paukerfilme
Plays
Political films and programs +
Preussenfilme
Reporter films and programs
Road films and programs
Shakai-mono
Shomin-geki
Sociological films and programs
Spy films and programs
Swashbucklers
War films and programs +
Westerns
RT: Anti-war works
Biographies
Dance +
Documentaries and factual films and video +
Erotica
Historical re-creations
Propaganda
Religious films and video
Fights
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Film (BTL)
Film adaptations
USE Adaptations
Film noir (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films, usually about crime and/or
corruption, usually set in the city, with a dark visual style and a
tone of despair.
UF: Cinema noir
BT: Crime films and programs
RT: Gangster films and programs
Police films and programs
Private eye films and programs
EX: Double indemnity; Murder, my sweet; They live by night
Film poems
USE Personal/independent films and video
Filmatic poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
Filmed books
USE Adaptations
Filmed theater
USE Plays
Filmograph technique animation
USE Still animation
Films for children
USE Children's films and programs
Films from books
USE Adaptations
Films in advertising
USE Advertising
Public relations films and video
Films in education
USE Instruction
Films in industry
USE Industrial films and video
Films on television
USE Made for TV movies
Flat-figure animation
USE Silhouette animation
Flesh films
USE Erotica
Football games
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Forums (Discussion and debate)
USE Panel discussions
Found works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Fun and games shows
USE Game shows
G man cycle
USE Police films and programs
Gadget comedies
USE Comedies
Gag comedies
USE Slapstick comedies
Gambling films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films which focus on gamblers;
include suspense films about poker or pool experts.
BT: Fiction
EX: Cincinnati Kid; Gambling house; Gambling ship; The Hustler
Game shows (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for programs on which two or more celebrities or members
of the viewing public compete, following specific rules, usually for
prizes.
UF: Contest shows
Fun and games shows
Giveaway shows
NT: Quiz shows
RT: Audience participation programs
Panel shows
Talent shows
Gangster films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which tend
to be set in the city and focus on organized crime. However, include
fictional genre films on the so-called "rural bandits" who drive about
the countryside, e.g. robbing banks. A common theme is the rise and
fall of a major crime figure.
UF: Gangster films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Hoodlum drama
Mafia drama
Organized crime drama
Rural bandit drama
BT: Crime films and programs
RT: Film noir
Yakuza-eiga
EX: Bonnie and Clyde; The Godfather; Scarface; White heat
Gardening programs
USE Information
Gay porn
USE Erotica
Gendai-geki
SN: A fictional genre Japanese film about contemporary life
in Japan.
BT: Fiction
Gentleman detective films and programs
USE Detective films and programs
Ghost comedies and romances
USE Fantasy comedies
Ghost stories
USE Horror films and programs
Giveaway shows
USE Game shows
Panel shows
Golf
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Gossip
SN: Use for nonfiction films and programs which relay rumors,
anecdotes, likes and dislikes, personal history, etc. of celebrities.
UF: Gossip in mass media (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Biographies
Magazines
News +
Gossip column drama
USE Reporter films and programs
Graphic animation
SN: Use for animation achieved by drawing or painting directly
on the film surface without the use of a camera.
BT: Animation
Haha-mono
SN: Use for a fictional genre Japanese film which focuses
on a self-sacrificing mother who deserves gratitude and respect.
UF: Mother films
BT: Fiction
Hankie pix
USE Melodrama
Hard core pornography
USE Erotica
Hardboiled detective drama
USE Private eye films and programs
Haunted house films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs that revolve
around a house that is inhabited or appears to be inhabited by evil
spirits. Include the murder mysteries of the 20's, 30's and 40's that
were set in old houses with hidden panels and apparitions, and often
had investigator protagonists.
UF: Ghost stories
Murder mysteries
Old house horror mysteries
Thunderstorm mysteries
BT: Horror films and programs
RT: Detective films and programs
Mysteries
EX: Miss Pinkerton; Spiral staircase; Black cat; House On
Haunted Hill; Night monster
Health information
USE Information
Heavenly comedies
USE Fantasy comedies
Heimatfilme
SN: Use for fictional genre German films which take place
in a pastoral or non-urban setting, e.g. the mountains, the Black Forest,
the North German moors and heath, in which characters include farmers
and their families, villagers, hunters, and vacationers from the city.
Conflicts tend to involve family feuds, poachers, or city-country conflicts,
and can be handled dramatically or comically.
BT: Fiction
NT: Bergfilme
RT: Rural comedies
EX: Grun ist die Heide; Das Schwarzwaldmadel (1933 and 1950)
Heist thrillers
USE Caper films and programs
Helpful hints
USE Information
High school films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs made for the
teenage market that focus on high school life; stock characters include
eccentric teachers, nerds, bullies, jocks and prom queens; includes
high school comedies.
BT: Fiction
RT: Beach party films and programs
College films and programs
Juvenile delinquency films and programs
Psychopath films and programs
Rock and roll musicals
EX: American graffiti; Carrie; Pretty in pink; Up the down
staircase
Historical re-creations
SN: Use for films and programs in which a special effort has
been made to re-create the look of a bygone period using authentic
costumes, artifacts, settings, etc.
UF: Costume spectacles
Historical films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Period works
Spectaculars
RT: Biographies
Docudrama
Epics
Political films and programs +
Swashbucklers
War films and programs +
Westerns
xx Documentaries and factual films and video
Fiction
Historical films and video (Nonfiction) (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video which presents, explains,
or analyzes past events as past events (and from a perspective of 10
years or more after the event). Includes reenactments, such as You
are there. For more contemporary treatment of events, use Public affairs
or Actualities or other appropriate terms. For dramatized treatments
of historical events, use Docudrama.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Docudrama
Hit parades
USE Music
Hockey
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Home movies and video (BTL)
SN: Use for film and video which records personal or family
events; usually an amateur production. Include amateur footage of scenery,
festivals, events, etc.
UF: Amateur moving-pictures (LCSH)
Personal works
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Homosexual works
USE Erotica
Hoodlum drama
USE Gangster films and programs
Juvenile delinquency films and programs
Motorcycle gang films and programs
Hoover drama
USE Police films and programs
Horror films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs made with the
primary intention of frightening the audience. Exclude films and programs
which focus on monsters, and science fiction films and programs.
UF: Horror films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Occult drama
Suspense
Thrillers
Diabolist drama (NTX)
Exorcism drama
Possession drama
Haunted house drama (NTX)
Ghost stories
Old house horror mysteries
Thunderstorm mysteries
Wax museum drama
BT: Fantasy
NT: Psychopath films and programs
RT: Monster films and programs +
Science fiction +
EX: The Black cat; Carrie; The Exorcist; House on haunted
hill; The Incredible shrinking man; Miss Pinkerton; The Night monster;
Rosemary's baby; Spiral staircase; Tales from the crypt
Horse films and programs (Fiction)
USE Animal films and programs
Horse races
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Horse racing drama
USE Animal films and programs
Hospital drama
USE Doctor films and programs
Household information
USE Information
Ice skating
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Independent works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Indian westerns
USE Westerns
Industrial films and video (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films and video designed to be used
in an industrial setting; do not include industrial training films.
UF: Films in industry (HCL)
Moving-pictures in industry (LCSH)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Instruction
Information (BTL)
SN: Use for programs designed to impart somewhat ephemeral
information in the nature of news, helpful hints or advice, often with
an element of audience participation. Do not use for documentaries
on a particular subject.
UF: Beauty information (NTX)
Exercise programs (NTX)
Fashion information (NTX)
Women's information
Farming information (NTX)
Household information (NTX)
Childcare information (NTX)
Cooking programs (NTX)
Etiquette programs (NTX)
Gardening programs (NTX)
Helpful hints
Petcare programs (NTX)
Women's information
Legal information (NTX)
Medical information (NTX)
Health information
Psychology information (NTX)
Science information (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Audience participation programs
Instruction (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films and video designed to teach,
instruct, or train.
UF: Televised instruction
Training works
Educational works (NTX)
Classroom works
E.T.V.
Films in education (HCL)
Moving-pictures in education (LCSH)
Television in education (LCSH)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Educational/cultural films and video
Industrial films and video
Interviews (LCSH)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record a meeting
between a reporter, panel of reporters, or other interviewer and a
public figure whose views, activities, etc., are elicited by means
of questions asked and answered. Exclude on-the-spot interviews, conducted
during news coverage.
UF: Interviewing in television (LCSH; x ref not made)
Political programs
Oral history (NTX)
Panel interviews (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Biographies
Press conferences
Talk shows
Invisible man films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
"monster" is an invisible man.
BT: Monster films and programs
EX: The Invisible man
Italo-westerns
USE Westerns
Jidai-geki
USE Martial arts films and programs
Journalism drama
USE Reporter films and programs
Jungle epics
USE Epics
Juvenile delinquency films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films or programs about gangs
of teenagers who dabble in crime.
UF: Hoodlum drama
Juvenile delinquency films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Troubled youth drama
RT: Crime films and programs +
Motorcycle gang films and programs
EX: Angels with dirty faces; Blakboard jungle; The Cool and
the crazy; Dead end; High school confidential!; Maryjane; Rebel without
a cause; Teenage gang debs; Wild youth; The Young savages
Juvenile works
USE Children's films and programs
Kidvid
USE Children's films and programs
Kink films
USE Erotica
Keiko eiga
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese leftist political films
influenced by the proletarian movement "which sought to encourage,
or fight against, a given social tendency." (Anderson & Richie)
UF: Tendency films
BT: Political films and programs
Kung fu drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Law enforcement drama
USE Police films and programs
Lawyer drama
USE Courtroom films and programs
Lectures
USE Addresses
Legal information
USE Information
Light animation
SN: Use for animation involving the use of light-polarizing
films and light-polarizing filters with a light source to create changes
in density, and thereby create the illusion of motion; painting with
the aid of thermochemical reactions.
UF: Light painting
Technamation
BT: Animation
Light painting
USE Light animation
Limited serial
USE Mini-series
Limited series
USE Mini-series
Literary readings
USE Readings
Live shows (BTL)
SN: Use for television programs that are filmed straight through
with no time delay to allow for editing.
Mad scientist drama
USE Monster films and programs
Science fiction
Mad slasher drama
USE Psychopath films and programs
Made for TV movies (BTL)
SN: Use for a feature-length fictional film made for television
broadcast rather than for theatrical release.
UF: Films on television
Made-fer's
Movies on television
TV movies
Telefeatures
Television films
Television movies
RT: Mini-series
Pilot programs
Serials +
Series
Specials
Mafia drama
USE Gangster films and programs
Magazines (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films and programs which take the form
of a number of stories on items of current interest which are treated
in a more general, in-depth, and/or reflective way than they would
be on a news program.
UF: Cinemagazines
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Gossip
News +
EX: Sixty minutes
Marionette works
USE Puppet works
Martial arts films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which consist
largely of choreographed fight sequences employing martial arts which
originally developed in the Orient (e.g. karate, kung fu, eastern sword
play techniques, etc.)
UF: Chinese action drama
Oriental action drama
Swordplay drama
Swordsmen in motion pictures (LCSH; x ref not made)
Kung fu drama (NTX)
Oriental swordplay drama (NTX)
Chinese swordplay drama
Jidai-geki (NTX)
Chambara (NTX)
Samurai drama (NTX)
Samurai films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Spaghetti easterns (NT)
BT: Fiction
RT: Black films and programs
Crime films and programs +
Epics
Fantasy +
EX: Enter the dragon; Hercules against karate
Mass media in religion
USE Religious films and video
Medical films and video (Nonfiction) (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video which concerns or depicts
physicians or the practice of medicine, including maintenance of health,
prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease or physical or mental ailment
in man and animals. Includes surgery and psychiatry.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Melodrama
SN: Use for fictional genre films which revolve around relatively
passive, suffering protagonists victimized by situations or events
related to society, family, and/or sexuality. Emotion, rather than
action, is emphasized, and is usually expressed through music, miseen
scene, and production design, as well as character portrayal. The
narrative is set in contemporary times and is usually resolved by a
"happy ending."
UF: Family melodrama
Hankie pix
Romance
Tearjerkers
Weepies
Women's films
BT: Fiction
RT: Merodorama
Soap operas
EX: All that heaven allows; The Earrings of Madame de; The
Fall and rise of Susan Lenox; Now, voyager
Medical information
USE Information
Merodorama
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese adventure/love stories
in which a "long-suffering heroine undergoes various harrowing vicissitudes
and comes out happy." (Anderson & Richie)
BT: Fiction
RT: Melodrama
Mini-series
SN: Use for a program in a number of episodes or parts which
has a story line which continues from one episode or part to the next,
and which is not intended to be continued indefinitely.
UF: Limited serial
Limited series
RT: Made for TV movies
Serials +
Series
Specials
EX: Roots
Model animation
SN: Use for animation of models.
BT: Animation
Moire pattern animation
SN: Use for animation using moire patterns with a rostrum
camera to achieve animation without animating frame by frame.
BT: Animation
Monster films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on an animate being, usually part human or nonhuman, with supernatural
or prodigious powers, which usually threaten human life. Monsters
includes atomic mutants, monstrous throwbacks, monsters made and/or
controlled by mad scientists, animal-man combinations, scientists who
transform themselves into monsters, the various species of resurrected
dead, and creatures from outer space, including alien parasites.
UF: Frankenstein films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Mad scientist drama
Monsters in mass media (LCSH; x ref not made)
Monsters in motion pictures (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Fantasy
NT: Creature films and programs
Invisible man films and programs
Mummy films and programs
Organ transplant films and programs
Vampire films and programs
Werewolf films and programs
Zombie films and programs
RT: Horror films and programs +
Science fiction +
EX: Beast with five fingers; Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; The
Fly; Frankenstein; Man with the x-ray eyes; Phantom of the opera
Mood films
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese films in which the emphasis
is on "projecting an overall mood or atmosphere rather than in directly
telling a story." (Anderson & Richie)
BT: Fiction
EX: Rojo no Reikon (Souls on the road)
Mother films
USE Haha-mono
Motion picture adaptations
USE Adaptations
Motor races
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Motorcycle gang films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs about motorcycle
gangs; most were made in the 1950's and 1960's.
UF: Bike films and programs (Fiction)
Cycle films and programs (Fiction)
Hoodlum drama
BT: Fiction
RT: Juvenile delinquency films and programs
EX: Hells Angels 69; Run angel run; The Wild angels; The Wild one
Mountain films
USE Bergfilme
Movie poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
Movies on television
USE Made for TV movies
Moving-picture cartoons
USE Cartoons
Moving-picture plays
USE Plays
Moving-picture remakes
USE Remakes
Moving-picture sequels
USE Sequels
Moving-picture serials
USE Serials
Moving-pictures, Documentary
USE Documentaries and factual films and video
Moving-pictures in advertising
USE Advertising
Moving-pictures in education
USE Instruction
Moving-pictures in industry
USE Industrial films and video
Moving-pictures in propaganda
USE Propaganda
Moving-pictures, Musical
USE Musicals
Multiple image animation
SN: Use for animation of multiple images.
BT: Animation
Mummy films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
"monster" consists of a mummy (specifically so-called).
BT: Monster films and programs
RT: Vampire films and programs
Murder comedies
USE Comedies
Murder mysteries
USE Detective films and programs
Mysteries
Muscle epics
USE Epics
Music (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for film or video used to record the performance of
music. Use LCSH headings for specific types of music.
UF: Concert films
Disc jockey programs
Hit parades
Television broadcasting of music (LCSH)
NT: Music shorts
Music videos
Musical variety
RT: Dance +
Educational/cultural films and video
xx Documentaries and factual films and video +
Music shorts (BTL)
SN: Use for films which consist of less than 4,000 feet of
35 mm. film or 1,600 feet of 16 mm. film, i.e. less than 40 min. in
length, and which have as a primary purpose the recording of a popular
or jazz music performance.
UF: Band shorts (NTX)
Soundies
BT: Music
Shorts
Music videos (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for short video pieces which have as a primary purpose
the recording of a popular music performance, usually rock music, and
usually accompanied by elaborate visuals.
UF: Rock videos (NTX) (LCSH)
BT: Music
Musical comedies
USE Musicals
Musical revues
USE Musicals
Musical variety
SN: Use for variety works in which music is emphasized, e.g.,
the host is primarily a singer and/or dancer and/or musician, and/or
most of the work consists of musical numbers.
BT: Music
Variety
Musicals (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional films and programs in which structure
and movement are determined by musical numbers: songs, and usually
dancing. Do not use for operas; instead, use LCSH heading.
UF: Moving-pictures, Musical (LCSH)
Musical comedies
Backstage musicals (NTX)
Backyard musicals (NTX)
Musical revues (NTX)
Musical revues, comedies, etc. (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Fiction
NT: Rock and roll musicals
RT: Comedies +
EX: Forty-second Street; Show boat; Singin' in the rain; Top hat
Mysteries
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which usually
revolve around the solution of a murder and do not have as their central
character a private eye or gentleman detective; includes films and
programs about a victim being driven crazy by someone, and films in
which a character accused of murder tracks down the real villain.
UF: Murder mysteries
Who-done-it's
Whodunits
BT: Crime films and programs
RT: Detective films and programs +
EX: Ten little Indians; Gaslight
Nansensu-mono
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese gag films.
BT: Comedies
Nature films and video (Nonfiction) (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films and video which depict the behavior
and life cycle of animals, and other aspects of the natural world.
UF: Animal works (Nonfiction) (NTX)
Domestic animal works (Nonfiction) (NTX)
Wild animal works (Nonfiction) (NTX)
Wildlife works (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
EX: Bring `em back alive; Living desert.
Naval combat films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonists are sailors engaged in warfare on or beneath the sea.
UF: Submarine drama (NTX)
BT: War films and programs
Naval comedies
USE Armed Forces comedies
New American cinema
USE Personal/independent films and video
New westerns
USE Westerns
News (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films and programs which report and
comment on recent events.
UF: Broadcast journalism (LCSH)
Commentary
Newscasts
Television broadcasting of news (LCSH)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
NT: Newsreels
RT: Editorials
Gossip
Magazines
Panel discussions
Public affairs +
Special event coverage and commentary
Sports event coverage and commentary
News films
USE Newsreels
Newscasts
USE News
Newspaper drama
USE Reporter films and programs
Newsreels (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for nonfiction films released theatrically in periodic
issues, each issue consisting of a number of stories reporting and
commenting on recent events. Also include here newsreel special editions,
symposium newsreels, and excerpts from newsreels for broadcast on television.
UF: News films
BT: News
Nonfiction
USE Documentaries and factual films and video
Novelties (LCSH)
SN: Use for whimsical or humorous films or programs designed
to catch one's attention momentarily with something with a novel twist
and just for fun. Footage of animals with human voices supplied is
an example of a novelty.
Nudie films
USE Erotica
Nudist camp films
USE Erotica
Object animation
SN: Use for animation consisting of movement or manipulation
of three dimensional objects, fluids, gases or smoke photographed with
single-frame exposures.
UF: Small-object animation
BT: Animation
Occult drama
USE Horror films and programs
Old house horror mysteries
USE Horror films and programs
Olympics coverage
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Opinion programs
USE Public affairs
Optical poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
Oral history
USE Interviews
Organ transplant films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which a
"monster" is created by means of organ transplant, including brain
transfer.
UF: Brain transfer drama (NTX)
BT: Monster films and programs
EX: The Brain that wouldn't die
Organized crime drama
USE Gangster films and programs
Oriental action drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Oriental swordplay
USE Martial arts films and programs
Outtakes (BTL)
SN: Use for unused remnants cut from a film prior to its release.
UF: Cuts
Trims and outs
BT: Unedited footage
RT: Bloopers
Pacifist works
USE Anti-war works
Paella westerns
USE Westerns
Panel discussions
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record discussions
carried on by a selected group of speakers.
UF: Discussion (LCSH; x ref not made)
Discussion shows
Forums (Discussion and debate) (LCSH)
Political programs
Roundtables
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: News +
Public affairs +
Talk shows
Panel interviews
USE Interviews
Panel shows
SN: Use for shows on which a panel of experts, celebrities,
children, etc. is assembled to participate in a quiz or game, or to
judge talent.
UF: Giveaway shows
RT: Audience participation programs
Game shows +
Talent shows
Paper animation
SN: Use for animation of paper figures.
BT: Animation
Parodies (LCSH)
SN: Use for films or programs which borrow genre or form conventions,
but use them in a mocking or nonsensical manner in order to ridicule
or satirize genres, forms and formulae, and/or the societies which
produce them.
UF: Spoofs
BT: Fiction
RT: Comedies +
EX: Blazing saddles; Dr. Strangelove; Sherlock, Jr.
Paukerfilme
SN: Use for fictional genre German works which deal farcically
with student-teacher relations. The teachers are usually the brunt
for the jokes of adolescent boys (and, after the institutionalization
of co-education in the late 60's, adolescent girls).
UF: Teacher films
BT: Fiction
RT: Comedies
EX: The Blue Angel
Period works
USE Historical re-creations
Personal works
USE Home movies and video
Personal/independent films and video
Personal/independent films and video (BTL)
SN: Use for films and video made by individuals in order to
express their visions through the textural, rhythmic and representational
possibilities of the moving image medium. Generally made outside the
mainstream of commercial cinema.
UF: Abstract works
Expanded cinema
Experimental films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Experimental works
Independent works
New American cinema
Personal works
Underground films and video
Avant-garde works (NTX)
Beat films (NTX)
Found works (NTX)
Collage works
Poetic films (NTX)
Cinematic poetry
Cinematographic poetry
Cinepoems
Film poems
Filmatic poetry
Movie poetry
Optical poetry
Visual poetry
Single frame works (NTX)
Superimposition works (NTX)
Video art (NTX)
Electronic art
NT: Autobiographical films and video
Structuralist films and video
RT: Animation +
Compilations
EX: Dog star man (Brakhage); The Life and death of 9413--a
Hollywood extra (Florey); Meshes of the afternoon (Deren); Notes for
Jerome (Mekas)
Petcare programs
USE Information
Pilot programs
SN: Use for the first program in a series or serial, so-called
because the pilot program is broadcast as a trial to see if the series
or serial will be watched. May be longer than later episodes.
RT: Made for TV movies
Screen tests, auditions, etc.
Specials
Pin screen animation
SN: Use for animation using pin screens.
BT: Animation
Pixillated animation
SN: Use for animation of the movements of live actors who
either move from point to point and pause en route to be photographed
a frame at a time, or are photographed in continuous, varying camera
speeds. The resulting footage is modified by skip frame and stop-frame
techniques, optical printing, etc.
BT: Animation
Plays
SN: Use for films or video used to record the performance
of a play.
UF: Filmed theater
Moving-picture plays (LCSH)
Stage productions, Filmed
Television plays (LCSH)
Theater, Filmed
BT: Fiction
RT: Adaptations
Anthologies
Drama
Educational/cultural films and video
Poetic films
USE Personal/independent films and video
Poetry readings
USE Readings
Police films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on the fight against crime conducted by official law enforcement agencies
such as the Police Dept., or the FBI. Include here semidocumentaries
and procedurals which re-enact actual cases and/or attempt to portray
actual crime fighting techniques.
UF: Cop drama
Law enforcement drama
Police procedurals (NTX)
Policiers
G man cycle (NTX)
FBI drama
Hoover drama
BT: Crime films and programs
RT: Detective films and programs +
Film noir
EX: Big heat; Bullets or ballots; Dirty Harry; Dragnent; French
connection; G men; Phenix City story; Public enemy's wife; Street with
no name
Policiers
USE Police films and programs
Political films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs that are set
in historic events of a politically sensitive nature, and take a particular
political viewpointt hemselves. These films have a semidocumentary
form, usually following fictional characters in their interactions
with real events, places and historical figures, although there is
no pretense at accuracy in the portrayal of characters and events.
BT: Fiction
NT: Keiko eiga
RT: Historical re-creations
Sociological films and programs
EX: In the year of living dangerously; Latino; Missing; Under fire
Political programs
USE Debates
Interviews
Panel discussions
Political spots
Propaganda
Public affairs
Special event coverage and commentary
Political spots
SN: Use for 15 to 60 second spots designed to persuade the
audience to support a particular political candidate or a particular
political point of view, and paid for by supporters of the candidate
or political point of view.
UF: Advertising, Political (LCSH)
Political programs
BT: Advertising
Populist comedies
USE Sophisticated comedies
Pornographic works
USE Erotica
Portraits
USE Biographies
Possession drama
USE Horror films and programs
Post-westerns
USE Westerns
Postwar westerns
USE Westerns
Pray television
USE Religious films and video
Prehistoric creature drama
USE Creature films and programs
Press conferences (LCSH)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record collective
interviews granted to journalists by political figures or others in
the public eye.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Interviews
Preussenfilme
SN: Use for fictional genre German costume dramas and historianl
romances which deal with the rise of Prussia, e.g. Frederick the Great,
and its fall, e.g. the Napoleonic Wars. Many have a propagandistic
aspect.
UF: Costume spectacles
Prussian films
BT: Fiction
RT: Biographies
Docudrama
Epics
Propaganda
EX: Frederikus Rex; Der Grosse Koenig; Der Schwarze Husar; Kolberg
Previews of coming attractions
USE Trailers and promo's
Prewesterns
USE Westerns
Prison films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which are set
in prisons and focus on prisoners. Escape attempts often figure in
the plot.
BT: Crime films and programs
EX: The Big house; Cool Hand Luke; I am a fugitive from a
chain gang; Ladies of the big house; 20,000 years in Sing Sing
Prisoner of war films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonists are prisoners of war. Include comedies. Plot often revolves
around escape attempts.
BT: Comedies
War films and programs
EX: Bridge over the River Kwai; The Great escape; King Rat
Private eye films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on a wise-cracking, world-weary detective for hire. Exposure of corruption
endemic to the social world of the story is a common theme and/or plot
device. Sam Spade and Philip Marlowe were archetypal private eyes.
UF: Hardboiled detective drama
BT: Detective films and programs
RT: Film noir
EX: Harper; Klute; Maltese falcon; Tony Rome
Prize fights
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Production footage
USE Unedited footage
Profiles
USE Biographies
Promotional works
USE Advertising
Propaganda (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for films or programs which are primarily and frankly
persuasive and ideological, designed to propagate particular doctrines.
UF: Motivation films
Moving-pictures in propaganda (LCSH)
Political programs
Television in propaganda (LCSH)
RT: Advertising +
Documentaries and factual films and video
Fiction
Preussenfilme
EX: Triumph of the will
Prussian films
USE Preussenfilme
Psychological thrillers
USE Psychopath films and programs
Psychology information
USE Information
Psychopath films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre horror films and programs which
focus on the havoc and suspense caused by a psychopathic killer or
mass murderer. Includes the "ventriloquist's dummy" cycle, Jack the
Ripper films, and wax museum films.
UF: Mad slasher drama
Psychological thrillers
Slasher drama
BT: Horror films and programs
RT: Crime films and programs +
EX: Dressed to kill; Halloween; M; Psycho
Public affairs (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films or video used to record "talks,
commentaries, discussions, speeches, editorials, political programs,
documentaries, forums, panels, roundtables and similar programs concerning
local, national and international public affairs."-- FCC regulations.
UF: Commentary
Current affairs
Discussion (LCSH; x ref not made)
Discussion shows
Opinion programs
Political programs
Public interest programs
Public service programs
Television programs, Public service (LCSH)
Views
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
NT: Community affairs
Editorials
RT: Addresses
News +
Panel discussions
Public interest advertising
USE Public service
Public interest programs
USE Public affairs
Public relations films and video
SN: Use for nonfiction films and video designed to cause the
public and/or customers or clients to take a favorable view towards
an institution or business.
UF: Films in advertising HCL)
Promotional works (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Advertising +
Public service (BTL)
SN: Use for a short film or videorecording presented by or
on behalf of a nonprofit organization which attempts to persuade the
audience to take some specific action or adopt a favorable view towards
some service, institution or cause.
UF: Advertising, Public service (LCSH)
Public interest advertising
RT: Advertising +
Announcements +
Public service programs
USE Public affairs
Puppet animation
SN: Use for animation applied to puppets and similar figures.
The figures are moved an increment at a time and photographed with
single-frame exposures.
BT: Animation
xx Puppet works
Puppet works
SN: Use for films or video used to record a live action puppet
performance.
UF: Marionette works
Puppet films (LCSH; x ref not made)
RT: Puppet animation
Quiz shows (LCSH)
SN: Use for programs on which a group of people (e.g., experts,
stars or members of the audience) compete in answering questions.
BT: Game shows
RT: Panel shows
Readings
SN: Use for films or video used to record an individual reading
aloud a work of belles lettres.
UF: Literary readings (NTX)
Poetry readings (NTX)
RT: Educational/cultural films and video
xx Documentaries and factual films and video +
Record films and video
USE Documentaries and factual films and video
Unedited footage
Religious epics
USE Epics
Religious films and video (BTL)
SN: Use for films and programs (both fiction and nonfiction)
clearly designed to promote a religious point of view.
UF: Bible films (LCSH)
Christian broadcasting
Church broadcasting
Electronic church
Evangelism
Mass media in religion (LCSH)
Pray television
Religious films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Televangelism
Television in religion (LCSH)
RT: Epics
xx Fiction +
Documentaries and factual films and video +
Remakes
SN: Use for a work which is based on another work in the same medium.
UF: Moving-picture remakes (LCSH)
RT: Adaptations
EX: Heaven can wait; Breathless; Glass key; Invasion of the
body snatchers
Remarks
USE Addresses
Reporter films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
hero(es) and/or heroine(s) are news people.
UF: Journalism drama
Gossip column drama (NTX)
Newspaper drama (NTX)
BT: Fiction
EX: Five-star final; Front page; Platinum blonde; Scandal
for sale; Scandal sheet
Research films and video
USE Documentaries and factual films and video
Resistance drama
USE War films and programs
Road films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs characterized
by a narrative largely taken up with travel by motor vehicle. The
characters' internal, psychological experience is emphasized, as well
as their physical adventure.
UF: Road pictures
BT: Fiction
Road pictures
USE Road films and programs
Rock and roll musicals
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs built around
rock and roll stars, with many singing numbers. For biographies of
rock musicians, such as The Buddy Holly story, use Biographies.
BT: Musicals
EX: Go Johnny go; A Hard day's night; Jailhouse rock; Performace;
Rock around the clock; Tommy
Rock documentaries
USE Cinema verite
Rock videos
USE Music videos
Rodeo films
USE Westerns
Roller derbies
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Roman-poruno
USE Erotica
Romance
USE Comedies
Drama
Melodrama
Romantic screwball comedies
USE Sophisticated comedies
Roundtables
USE Panel discussions
Rural bandit drama
USE Gangster films and programs
Rural comedies
SN: Use for comedy films and programs set in rural locations
or involving characters with rural origins (farmers, mountain people,
etc.). Humor is often derived from the clash between rural and urban
lifestyles and behavior.
UF: Farm comedies
BT: Comedies
RT: Heimatfilme +
EX: The Beverly hillbillies; Green acres; Ma and Pa Kettle;
The Old swimmin' hole; The Real McCoys
Rushes
SN: Use for picture and sound workprint of a day's shooting
usually meant to be shown and studied before the next day's shooting
begins.
UF: Dailies
BT: Unedited footage
S and M works
USE Erotica
Sadomasochism works
USE Erotica
Samurai drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Sandal and spear epics
USE Epics
Scheefilme
USE Bergfilme
Science fiction (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which revolve
around imaginary science and technology, and visions of future society.
Include, for example, works which are set in the future, works which
are set in outer space, works which depict world cataclysms and/or
their after effects (but exclude those which involve creatures or invasions
from outer space, for which use Monster films and programs), as well
as works based on literary science fiction, such as that of Wells and
Verne, when they don't obviously fall into other fantasy categories.
UF: Mad scientist drama
Science fiction films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Science fiction television programs (LCSH; x ref not made)
Star Trek films (NTX) (LCSH)
Star Wars films (NTX) (LCSH)
Utopian works (NTX)
BT: Fantasy
NT: Superhero films and programs
RT: Horror films and programs +
Monster films and programs +
EX: Alphaville; Planet of the apes; Soylent green; Star wars;
Time after time
Science information
USE Information
Scientific documentation
SN: Use for film or video employed as a recording mechanism
for a process, created in order to allow scientific study of that process.
UF: Experiment films and video
Record films and video
Research films and video
Study films and video
Scientfic films and video (Nonfiction) (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video which depicts, analyzes
or is concerned in a technical way with the sciences, including the
biological or life sciences (e.g., botany, zoology), physical sciences
(e.g. physics and chemistry), mathematics and logic, and applied sciences
(e.g., technology, ecology). For the social sciences, use Anthropological
films and video (Nonfiction) or Sociological films and video (Nonfiction).
For psychiatry, use Medical films and video (Nonfiction). For more
popular treatment of subjects such as plants and animals, use Nature
films and video (Nonfiction).
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Screen tests, auditions, etc.
SN: Use for film or video shot as a test of the suitability
of performers, props, wardrobe, particular techniques, etc.
UF: Screen tests (LCSH; x ref not made)
RT: Pilot programs
Screwball comedies
USE Sophisticated comedies
Sculptmation
USE Clay animation
Secret Service drama
USE Spy films and programs
War films and programs
Semi-object animation
USE Silhouette animation
Sequels
SN: Use for fictional films which continue a story from an
earlier work.
UF: Moving-picture sequels (LCSH)
RT: Serials +
Serials (BTL)
SN: Use for a program or film in a number of episodes or parts
which has a story line which continues from one episode or part to
the next.
UF: Moving-picture serials (LCSH)
NT: Soap operas
RT: Made for TV movies
Mini-series
Sequels
Series
Series (BTL)
SN: Use for a program in a number of discrete episodes which
could be continued indefinitely.
RT: Anthologies
Made for TV movies
Mini-series
Serials +
Specials
Service comedies
USE Armed Forces comedies
Sex films and video
USE Erotica
Sexploitation works
USE Erotica
Shakai-mono
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese films about social problems
and society.
BT: Fiction
EX: Record of a living being
Shomin-geki
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese films depicting "humor
and pathos in lower middle-class life." (Bock)
BT: Fiction
Short films
USE Shorts
Shorts (BTL)
SN: Use for films which consist of less than 4,000' of 35
mm. film or 1,600' of 16 mm. film, i.e. running less than 40 min.
UF: Short films (LCSH)
NT: Music shorts
RT: Animation +
Features
Silhouette animation
SN: Use for animation of silhouettes, which are cut out, projected,
or formed in some other manner, and then photographed with single frame
exposures.
UF: Flat-figure animation
Semi-object animation
BT: Animation
Singing commercials
USE Commercials
Single frame works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Sitcoms
USE Situation comedies
Situation comedies (BTL)
SN: Use for a comic series or serial in which the same characters
involved in the same setting and circumstances ("situation") are used
in episode after episode.
UF: Sitcoms
BT: Comedies
Skiing drama
USE Bergfilm
Skin flicks
USE Erotica
Slapstick comedies
SN: Use for fictional works featuring violent, acrobatic physical
comedy; the chase and the throwing of pies are common features.
UF: Custard pie comedies
Gag comedies
BT: Comedies
RT: Clown comedies
EX: Mabel, Fatty, and the law
Slasher drama
USE Psychopath films and programs
Small-object animation
USE Object animation
Soap operas (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for fictional serials broadcast on television and
usually dealing with domestic themes of a highly emotional nature.
UF: Television serials (LCSH)
BT: Serials
RT: Melodrama
EX: As the world turns
Soccer
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Sociolgical films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs illustrating
particular social conditions within a fictional narrative. The core
of the drama is a conflict between the protagonist(s) and social mores
or institutions. It usually deals with economic conditions, but also
with race relations, criminal justice, sexual roles, alcohol, mental
illness, prostitution, etc. The genre usually follows a pattern of
stimulating anger against some social condition or injustice, simplifies
the issues to clearly identify the cause of the problem, and concludes
with either a solution to the protagonist's immediate problem or an
illustra tion of the consequence of leaving the problem unresolved.
The genre reflects the liberal concerns of its time.
BT: Fiction
RT: Political films and programs +
EX: The Crowd; The Grapes of wrath; I am a fugitive from a
chain gang; Lost weekend; Norma Rae; The Snake pit
Sociological films and video (Nonfiction) (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video which is organized around
an issue or problem in society, is concerned with social institutions
or social relationships, or the development, structure, interaction
and collective behavior of organized groups of people.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Soft core pornography
USE Erotica
Sophisticated comedies
SN: Use for fictional works which adopt a light, witty tone
to play out a social comedy involving eccentric but lovable characters;
epitomized by comedies of the 30's and 40's directed by Hawks, Capra,
Lubitsch and Sturges.
UF: Crazy comedies
Populist comedies
Romantic screwball comedies
Screwball comedies
White telephone comedies
BT: Comedies
RT: Fantasy comedies
EX: Bringing up baby; Design for living; It happened one night;
Mr. Deeds goes to town; My man Godfry; Ninotchka; Twentieth Century
Sound effects
SN: Use for recordings of artificially produced sounds (e.g.,
of thunder, traffic, slamming doors, etc.)
UF: Television broadcasting--Sound effects (LCSH)
Soundies
USE Music shorts
Spaghetti easterns
USE Martial arts films and programs
Spaghetti westerns
USE Westerns
Special event coverage and commentary
SN: Use for nonfiction film or video used to record live,
on- the-scene coverage of special events outside the confines of a
regular news film or program. Examples would be extensive coverage
of political conventions, moonshots, assassinations, etc.
UF: Commentary
Political programs
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: News +
Sports event coverage and commentary
Specials (BTL)
SN: Use for a program which is not part of a series, serial
or mini series (i.e., does not consist of a number of parts or episodes
broadcast over time), and is not a fictional feature film shot for
television.
RT: Anthologies
Made for TV movies
Mini-series
Pilot programs
Series
Spectaculars
USE Epics
Fantasy
Historical re-creations
Swashbucklers
Speeches
USE Addresses
Spoofs
USE Parodies
Sports event coverage and commentary
SN: Use for nonfiction coverage of and/or commentary on sports
events.
UF: Commentary
Television broadcasting of sports (LCSH)
Automobile races (NTX)
Car races
Motor races
Sportscar races
Baseball games (NTX)
Basketball games (NTX)
Boating (NTX)
Bowling (NTX)
Climbing (NTX)
Dog racing (NTX)
Greyhound racing (NTX)
Sled dog racing (NTX)
Whippet racing (NTX)
Fights (NTX)
Boxing matches
Prize fights
Football games (NTX)
Golf (NTX)
Hockey (NTX)
Horse races (NTX)
Ice skating (NTX)
Olympics coverage (NTX)
Roller derbies (NTX)
Soccer (NTX)
Wrestling (NTX)
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: News +
xx Special events coverage and commentary
Sportscar races
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Spy films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonist(s) and/or the villain(s) are spies.
UF: Cloak and dagger drama
Commando drama
Espionage drama
James Bond films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Secret Service drama
Spy films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Suspense
Thrillers
Superspy drama (NTX)
BT: Fiction
RT: Crime films and programs +
EX: House on 92nd Street; The Ipcress file; Joe Smith, American;
Notorious; O.S.S.; Saboteur; The Spy who came in from the cold; 13
rue Madeleine
Stag films
USE Erotica
Stage door musicals
USE Musicals
Stage productions, Filmed
USE Plays
Star Trek films
USE Science fiction
Star Wars films
USE Science fiction
Still animation
SN: Use for animation of entire still photographs, drawings,
or paintings, or parts of them.
UF: Filmograph technique animation
BT: Animation
Stock shots
SN: Use for untitled, unedited footage intended for later
use in complete productions. An example would be footage of a tiger,
which could be used in any production which features a tiger hunt.
BT: Unedited footage
Stories for children
USE Children's films and programs
Strip tease works
USE Erotica
Structuralist films and video
SN: Experimental films characterized by sustained or repeated
views of filmed material. Editing is kept to a minimum, and frequently
a single camera movement is used in a sustained fashion to explore
the photographed materials.
BT: Personal/independent films and video
EX: Wavelength
Submarine drama
USE Naval combat films and programs
Superhero films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs in which the
protagonist has superhuman powers, often derived from imaginary technology.
UF: Superman films (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Science fiction
EX: Superman
Superimposition works
USE Personal/independent films and video
Superspy works
USE Spy works
Superwesterns
USE Westerns
Surwesterns
USE Westerns
Suspense
USE Crime films and programs
Disaster films and programs
Horror films and programs
Spy films and programs
Swashbucklers
SN: Use for fictional genre films in which the protagonist,
in period costume, fights, usually with his sword, for a noble cause.
UF: Costume spectacles
Spectaculars
Swordplay drama
Swordsmen in motion pictures (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Fiction
RT: Epics
Historical re-creations
EX: The Crimson pirate; The Mark of Zoro; Robin Hood; The
Three musketeers
Sword and sandal epics
USE Epics
Swordplay drama
USE Martial arts films and programs
Swashbucklers
TV movies
USE Made for TV movies
Talent shows
SN: Use for programs on which contestants compete with each
other on the basis of show business talent, e.g. singing, dancing,
acting, etc.
UF: Amateur talent shows
RT: Dance parties and contests
Game shows +
Panel shows
Talk shows (BTL) (LCSH)
SN: Use for programs which consist primarily of informal conversations
between a host or hostess, and various celebrities. May include a
few variety acts. For talk programs which allow the audience to phone
in and give opinions on an issue, use Audience participation programs.
UF: Chat shows
Discussion (LCSH; x ref not made)
Discussion shows
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Audience participation programs
Interviews
Panel discussions
Variety +
Talks
USE Addresses
Teacher films
USE Paukerfilme
Tearjerkers
USE Melodrama
Telecast dance parties
USE Dance parties and contests
Telefeatures
USE Made for TV movies
Televangelism
USE Religious films and video
Televised instruction
USE Instruction
Television (BTL)
RT: Video
Television adaptations
USE Adaptations
Television advertising
USE Advertising
Television broadcasting of films
USE Made for TV movies
Television broadcasting of motion picture cartoons
USE Cartoons
Television broadcasting of music
USE Music
Television broadcasting of news
USE News
Television broadcasting of sports
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
Television commercial films
USE Commercials
Television dance parties
USE Dance parties and contests
Television films
USE Made for TV movies
Television in education
USE Instruction
Television in propaganda
USE Propaganda
Television in religion
USE Religious films and video
Television movies
USE Made for TV movies
Television plays
USE Plays
Television programs for children
USE Children's films and programs
Television programs, Public service
USE Public affairs
Television serials
USE Soap operas
Tendency films
USE Keiko eiga
Theater advertising
SN: Use for short advertisements paid for by the sellers of
products and services advertised, and designed to be screened in theaters
between features.
BT: Advertising
Theater announcements
SN: Use for statements made by theater management for various
purposes, including identifying the company which owns or operates
the theater, requesting audience participation in, e.g., not smoking,
introducing the previews or the feature, etc.
BT: Announcements
Theater, Filmed
USE Plays
Thrillers
USE Crime films and programs
Disaster films and programs
Horror films and programs
Spy films and programs
Thunderstorm mysteries
USE Horror films and programs
Traceau d'ectoplasmes
SN: Use for animation produced by means of a mechanical adaptation
of the cathode ray oscillograph in which the animator can achieve a
completely controllable form of fluid animation.
BT: Animation
Trailers and promo's
SN: Use for short publicity spots advertising programs or
films, and designed to be screened or broadcast.
UF: Previews (LCSH; x refs not made)
Previews of coming attractions
Promo's
BT: Advertising
Training works
USE Instruction
Travel works (Nonfiction)
USE Travelogues
Travelogs
USE Travelogues
Travelogues (BTL)
SN: Use for nonfiction films or video which record travels.
UF: Travel works (Nonfiction)
Travelogs
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
Trick films
SN: Use for films made during the period of early cinema,
up to ca. 1907, in which apparent transformations occur, primarily
through the use of camera techniques.
RT: Fantasy
Trims and outs
USE Outtakes
Troubled youth drama
USE Juvenile delinquency films and programs
Tsuma-mono
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese films about the wife
as an individual, her problems or search for identity.
UF: Wife films
BT Fiction
U.P.A.-style animation
SN: Use for animation done in the sparse, abbreviated, somewhat
jerky style characteristic of U.P.A.
BT: Animation
Underground films and video
USE Personal/independent films and video
Underground movements in motion pictures (Fiction)
USE War films and programs
Unedited footage (BTL)
SN: Use for untitled raw footage which has not been edited
or assembled into a finished work.
UF: Production footage Record films and video
NT: Outtakes
Rushes
Stock shots
Utopian works
USE Science fiction
Vampire films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which focus
on vampires, i.e. the living dead, who subsist on human blood, and
who live in coffins by day and rise at night.
UF: Vampire films (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Monster films and programs
RT: Mummy films and programs
EX: Count Dracula and his vampire bride; Dracula; Vampire
circus
Variety (BTL)
SN: Use for works which consist of a number of different kinds
of acts, including such things as stand-up comedians, comic skits,
songs, dance numbers, etc. If comedy is emphasized, e.g., if the host
is a comedian and/or most of the work consists of a comic skit or skits,
use Comedy variety. If music is emphasized, e.g., if the host is primarily
a singer and/or dancer and/or musician, and/or most of the work consists
of musical numbers, use Musical variety.
UF: Variety shows (Television programs) (LCSH; x ref not made)
NT: Comedy variety
Musical variety
RT: Talk shows
xx Comedies +
Variety shows (Theater)
USE Vaudeville
Vaudeville (LCSH)
SN: Use for films or video used to record a vaudeville performance.
UF: Burlesque
Variety shows (Theater)
Video (BTL)
RT: Television
Video art
USE Personal/independent films and video
Views
USE Public affairs
Visual poetry
USE Personal/independent films and video
War documentaries
SN: Use for nonfiction films and video which depict combat,
war preparation or other war subjects.
BT: Documentaries and factual films and video
RT: Anti-war works
War films and programs (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs whose protagonists
are engaged in warfare, e.g. ground combat by infantry or marines.
A frequent theme is that of a disparate group of people learning to
cooperate together against a common enemy or in harsh conditions shared
in common.
UF: Combat drama
Commando drama
Resistance drama
Secret Service drama
Underground movements in motion pictures (Fiction) (LCSH)
War films (LCSH; x ref not made)
World War I drama
World War II drama
BT: Fiction
NT: Aerial combat drama
Armed Forces comedies
Naval combat films and programs
Prisoner of war films and programs
RT: Anti-war works
Epics
Historical re-creations
EX: The Dirty dozen; Rambo
Wax museum drama
USE Horror films and programs
Weepies
USE Melodrama
Werewolf films and programs
SN: Use for for fictional genre films and programs which feature
humans who change into wolves.
UF: Werewolf films (LCSH; x ref not made)
BT: Monster films and programs
EX: The Wolf man
Westerns (BTL)
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs set on the
American frontier and/or in the American West. A common theme is the
coming of civilization and law to the wilderness.
UF: Western films (LCSH; x ref not made)
Backwoods westerns (NTX)
Prewesterns
Contemporary westerns (NTX)
Anti-westerns
New westerns
Indian westerns (NTX)
Post-westerns (NTX)
Rodeo films
Postwar westerns (NTX)
Adult westerns
New westerns
Superwesterns
Surwesterns
Singing westerns (NTX)
Spaghetti westerns
Continental westerns
Italo-westerns
Paella westerns
BT: Fiction
RT: Black films and programs
Epics
Historical re-creations
EX: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid; High noon; Hud; Johnny
Guitar; Last picture show; Little Big Man; McCabe and Mrs. Miller;
The Misfits; The Shootist; Soldier Blue; Stagecoach
White telephone comedies
USE Sophisticated comedies
Who-done-it's
USE Detective films and programs
Mysteries
Wife films
USE Tsuma-mono
Wild animal works (Nonfiction)
USE Nature films and video (Nonfiction)
Wildlife works
USE Nature films and video (Nonfiction)
Women's films
USE Melodrama
Women's information
USE Information
World War I drama
USE War films and programs
World War II drama
USE War films and programs
Wrestling
USE Sports event coverage and commentary
X-rated works
USE Erotica
Xerox animation
SN: Use for animation using photocopy machines.
BT: Animation
Yakuza-eiga
SN: Use for fictional genre Japanese films about gangsters.
BT: Crime films and programs
RT: Gangster films and programs
Zombie films and programs
SN: Use for fictional genre films and programs which feature
zombies (specifically so-called).
BT: Monster films and programs
Last modified: July 11, 1995 Comments: Brian Taves, taves@mail.loc.gov |
 |
Comments/queries: Webmaster@tcf.ua.edu. Sponsors: The University of Alabama, the College of Communication, and the Department of Telecommunication and Film. Last revised: September 1, 1997. Founded: October 24, 1994. Copyright © 1994-1997. All rights reserved. |